Once the weather begins to warm, beekeepers need to check their hives all the way down to the bottom board. It’s a big task and requires taking the hive boxes completely off of the hive to inspect them. There are many reasons to do this, but the main reason is to see where the brood cells are in the hive. Brood cells are the cells where the queen has laid an egg that will hatch a new baby bee. These look totally different from honey cells.
The queen lays eggs (brood) in a pattern. The number of eggs and the pattern in which she lays them can tell you if she is strong or weak. Weak hives may have lost their queen and need to get combined with another hive, or be re-queened. Re-queening is where the beekeeper introduces a new queen. (You can buy them on the Internet, or from another beekeeper that raises queens. A hive can also make a queen, but they need brood to do this.) One queen per hive.
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The queen isn’t usually easy to find. Most of the queens in our hives are not marked and are barely larger than the other bees. We track her presence by looking at the eggs and the pattern in which they appear. The queen only moves UP through the hive frames and not DOWN. They are positive thinkers for sure! Anyway, this trait would mean that the queen would eventually move up and get into the honey supers. Beekeepers want to keep the queen and the brood at the bottom and have only honey in the top boxes. This is critical for honey production. The way they accomplish this is to swap the two brood chambers. The brood chambers are the two larger boxes at the bottom of the hive. See this earlier post to learn about the parts of the hive. If the queen has moved up into the second brood chamber, the beekeeper will swap the two so that the brood chamber where the queen is (and the brood), changes to the bottom one. The queen will eventually move up into the second brood chamber and he will do this swap again at a later date.
Equipment does not, however, come assembled. Here is a picture of what you get. (My personal kit is also shown in the picture with wood glue, extra nails, extra parts, and tools.) The materials come with nails from the company, but not wood glue. In addition to assembling the hive, its best if you paint the outside before you put it out in the weather. So, beekeepers have to begin building these pieces long before they are needed… and they are often needed at a moments notice.
The first thing to put together are the boxes because then you have somewhere to put the frames as you build those. Frames take a lot longer and are more tedious to build. Boxes are a no brainer as you just fit and nail the dovetails together… with the handles on the outside! Otherwise, your spouse may laugh for days and text everyone a photo asking, “What’s wrong with this picture?”
Once built, they need painted. You don’t actually have to paint them, but the wood lasts a lot longer if you do by keeping moisture out. Here is an example of some weathered boxes that were not previously painted. We use white exterior paint and at least three coats. Why do most beekeepers paint them white? It reflects heat, which is important in the South, and also for greater visibility when you are on a tractor, plus, it just looks clean. Paint ONLY the outside. The inside must remain unpainted. That includes the box insides, and all the frames.
You may wonder why we would need hive equipment at a moments notice? One answer… swarms! A swarm is when a hive colony splits itself and half of the bees fly away to form a new colony. When you find one, it is the equivalent of 
